Evaluación de hábitos de medicación sistémica de odontólogos especialistas y no especialistas en endodoncia ante patologías pulpares en Argentina / Evaluation of systemic medication habits of specialists and non-specialists dentists in endodontists in relation to different pulp pathologies in Argentina

Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de medicación sistémica de odontólogos especialistas y no especialistas en endodoncia ante diferentes patologías pulpares previos al tratamiento en- dodóntico en Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó una encuesta para evaluar la prescripción de antibióticos, tipo de antibióticos, tiempo de prescripción, indicación de antinflamatorios no es- teroides y esteroides ante diferentes patologías pulpares. Se envió a 635 odontólogos especialistas y no especialistas en endodoncia a través de SurveyMonkey. Por medio de la prue- ba de Chi cuadrado se evaluaron las diferencias de medica- ción entre los grupos estudiados. Resultados: En pulpitis se medicó con antibióticos en el 3,48% de los casos y con antinflamatorios en un 62,60%. En necrosis pulpar sin fístula no se indicó ninguna medica- ción en un 64,47% de los casos, seguido de antibióticos en un 24,56%. En necrosis con fístula, el 52,38% no indicó nin- guna medicación, seguido de medicación con antibióticos en un 35,49%. En periodontitis apical aguda la principal medica- ción fue con antinflamatorios (52,79%), seguido de antibió- ticos (32,87%); y en el absceso alveolar agudo, un 57,10% indicó antibióticos seguido de antinflamatorios. El antibiótico de elección fue la penicilina en un 65,23% de los casos, y en caso de alergia a la misma, el antibiótico elegido fue azitromi- cina (30,12%). El tiempo de prescripción fue de 7 días. En la comparación entre especialistas y no especialistas hubo dife- rencias estadísticamente significativas para pulpitis y necrosis con fístula (p<0,01) y no las hubo entre necrosis sin fístula, periodontitis apical aguda y absceso alveolar agudo (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: La penicilina fue el antibiótico de elec- ción de la mayoría de los odontólogos argentinos encuestados junto al ibuprofeno como anti-inflamatorio. Existiría una so- bremedicación en patologías endodónticas que podría contri- buir a la resistencia microbiana a los antibióticos (AU)

Aim: Determine the systemic medication habits of den- tists specialists and non-specialists in endodontists in differ- ent pulp pathologies prior to root canal treatment in Argen- tina. Materials and methods: A survey was designed to evaluate the prescription of antibiotics, the type of antibiotics, prescription time, indication of non-steroidal anti-inflamma- tory drugs in different pulp pathologies. It was sent to 635 general dentists and endodontic specialists via SurveyMon- key. A Chi-square test was made to evaluate the differences in medication between the studied groups. Results: In pulpitis, antibiotics were prescribed in 3.48% of cases and anti-inflammatories in 62.60%. In pul- pal necrosis without fistula, no medication was indicated in 64.47% of cases, followed by antibiotics in 24.56%. In ne- crosis with fistula, 52.38% did not indicate any medication, followed by medication with antibiotics in 35.49%. In acute apical periodontitis the main medication was anti-inflamma-tories (52.79%), followed by antibiotics (32.87%); and for acute alveolar abscess, 57.10% indicated antibiotics, fol- lowed by anti-inflammatories. The antibiotic of choice was penicillin in 65.23% of the cases, and in case of allergy to it, the chosen antibiotic was azithromycin (30.12%). The prescription time was 7 days. In the comparison between specialists and non-specialists, there were significant dif- ferences for pulpitis and necrosis with fistula (p<0.01) and there were no significant differences between necrosis without fistula, acute apical periodontitis and acute alveo- lar abscess (p>0.05). Conclusions: Penicillin was the antibiotic of choice for the majority of the surveyed Argentine dentists, as well as ibuprofen as an anti-inflammatory drug. These could reflect an overmedication in endodontics pathologies that could con- tribute to microbial resistance to antibiotics (AU)

Current trends in technological armamentarium and treatment among Brazilian endodontists

Aim: To determine the current trends in technological armamentarium and endodontic treatment among Brazilian endodontists. Methods: A total of 279 endodontists answered a web-based survey questionnaire about their region of activity in Brazil and years as a specialist, average number of endodontic cases treated per month, number of visits to complete the treatment, use of rubber dam for isolation, type of irrigant, obturation technique and device used for this purpose, temporary filling materials, and greater difficulty encountered during treatment and technological armamentarium. A descriptive analysis, expressed in terms of frequency and percentage, was performed and the data were correlated using the chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Most of the respondents had up to 10 years as specialists. More than 50% of endodontists preferred to complete the endodontic treatment in a single visit. Ninety-nine percent of endodontists used rubber dam for isolation. NaOCl was the most widely used irrigant. Most of the respondents associated different techniques for root canal filling. Lateral condensation and Continuous wave of condensation were the isolated technique most reported. Filling devices (thermocompactors) were used by 53% of endodontists. Glass ionomer was the preferred temporary filling material. The answers for the use of technological armamentarium revealing that 94% of endodontists used an apex locator; 67.38% utilized magnification (loupe: 23.66%; microscope: 35.48%; microscope and loupe: 8.24%); 58% reported to digital radiography; and 47.31% used computed tomography as a complementary tool. About mechanized instrumentation, 44.44% endodontists employed rotary and reciprocating files. The difficulties encountered during endodontic treatment were classified as preparation > access > obturation > anesthesia > isolation. Conclusions: Most endodontists have implemented new technologies, such as mechanical instrumentation, apex locators, magnification, digital radiography, computed tomography, ultrasound, and obturation tools, in their clinical practice (AU)

Ventajas y desventajas de la técnica de cono único / Advantages and disadvantages of the single cone technique

El éxito del tratamiento endodóntico depende de una serie de factores, entre ellos, el de conseguir un buen sellado marginal apical, preparar los conductos radiculares con instrumentos rotatorios de níquel-titanio, obteniéndose preparados con diferentes conicidades de aquellas conseguidas a través de la instrumentación manual. El sellado tridimensional de los conductos radiculares es de fundamental importancia, pues; al ocupar el espacio creado por la instrumentación, la obturación, evita la infiltración del exudado periapical para el interior del conducto radicular. Como consecuencia, inviabiliza la sobrevivencia de microorganismos residuales, ofreciendo condiciones para que ocurra la reparación, contribuyendo de manera decisiva para el éxito de la terapéutica endodóntica. La técnica de cono único es una técnica que utiliza apenas un cono principal o maestro que puede tener diferentes conicidades, y que a lo largo de los años fue retomando su popularidad debido a la capacidad de adaptarse mejor a la conformación de los sistemas rotatorios de níquel-titanio (Ni-Ti) sin la necesidad de usar conos accesorios, reduciendo así el tiempo de trabajo, permitiendo una obturación másfácil y rápida, disminuyendo tanto la fatiga del paciente como la deloperador. En relación con la calidad de la obturación, la microfiltración apical y la penetración de bacterias, esta técnica es semejante a las otras técnicas existentes. La finalidad de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de literatura abordando las ventajas y desventajas de la técnica de cono único para obturar los conductos radiculares. Llegando a la conclusión que la técnica de cono único presenta las ventajas de la posibilidad deun tratamiento endodóntico más rápido y con mayor comodidad para el paciente y el clínico.

The success of any endodontic treatment depends on a range of factors, including achieving good apical sealing, preparing the rootcanal using rotary nickel-titanium instruments in order to obtain mechanical preparations with tapers unlike those achieved using manual instrumentation. Three-dimensional sealing of the root canal is of theutmost importance, given that proper fi lling of the space created bythe instrumentation prevents the microleakage of periapical exudateinto the root canal. This in turn hampers the survival of residual and resistant microorganisms, thus contributing to the healing process andthe success of the endodontic therapy. The single-cone technique isone that uses a single principal or master cone with diff erent tapers.It has become popular among endodontists over the years due to itsgreater adaptability to the characteristics of nickel-titanium (NiTi)rotary systems without the need for accessory cones, which reducesworking time and allows easier and faster fi lling, causing less fatiguefor both the patient and the operator. However, in terms of qualityof the obturation, apical microleakage, and bacterial penetration,this technique provides similar results to those achieved using othertechniques. This review article is an attempt to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using the single-cone technique to sealthe root canal, considering the qualities of the endodontic sealerused. The single-cone technique has the advantage of saving timeduring root canal fi lling and being more comfortable for the patientand the physician alike.

Tomografías para endodoncia: qué solicitar y cómo interpretar / Tomography in endodontics: what to ask for and how to interpret

La práctica endodóntica requiere el respaldo de imágenes de manera permanente, tanto para el diagnóstico como durante las distintas etapas del tratamiento. Desde siempre, estas imágenes han sido radiográficas. Con el advenimiento de las tomografías, se incluyó la visión de la tercera dimensión y se logró despejar interferencias gracias a la incorporación de cortes sectorizados. Sin embargo, estos estudios implican el uso de radiaciones ionizantes y de aparatología de alto costo. Con el tiempo, los estudios tomográficos han evolucionado; permiten obtener imágenes más fieles, isométricas, con mejor definición ymenos dosis de radiación para los pacientes. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo brindar información clara a los colegas que deseen incorporar estas nuevas tecnologías en su práctica cotidiana. Para ello, se describen las diferencias entre los distintos sistemas, la manera en que deben ser evaluados por el profesional y los límites de su aplicación...

Quando o implante substitui o tratamentoendodôntico: uma reflexão / When implant placement substitutes root canal treatment: food for thought

A Endodontia deixará de ser acionada para “salvar” dentescontaminados por bactérias e seus produtos e, cadavez mais, será indicada para corrigir danos decorrentesdo traumatismo dentário, como as luxações, deslocamentos,intrusões, extrusões, reimplantações, fraturascoronárias e radiculares, reabsorções cervicais externase internas. O endodontista será mais requisitado paraabordagens cirúrgicas parendodônticas de dentes comcoroas que inviabilizem o tratamento via canal, de perfuraçõesradiculares acidentais e de lesões envolvendoa raiz dentária. O endodontista se firmará, ainda, maiscomo o consultor de assuntos relacionados à polpadentária, ao tecidos periapicais, reabsorções dentáriase traumatologia dentária. Esses assuntos devem ser deamplo domínio e profundo conhecimento por parte doendodontista. A Endodontia se reposiciona, no contextodas relações interdisciplinares, como a especialidadeque dará suporte às demais, fortalecendo os dentesa serem utilizados nos procedimentos restauradores ereabilitadores, não mais sendo acionada como a últimatentativa de se “salvar” um dente. Os implantes osseointegráveissubstituem adequadamente os dentes quaseperdidos e cujos prognósticos para o endodontista sejamduvidosos ou ruins. A época das tentativas terapêuticasna Endodontia está chegando ao fim.

A comparative evaluation of endodontic practice trends in India: "The Mumbai study.

Introduction: Multiple treatment protocols are available to the Indian endodontist. Hence a survey is required to recognize the common trends in endodontics and set a basic standard of treatment. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this article is to present practice trends among Indian endodontists and compare the same with established practice trends internationally through various surveys that have been conducted respectively. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to 1085 endodontists in dental schools and private practice in India. A response rate of 42% was observed. The data was analyzed and compared with other studies. Results: Most of the endodontists in India follow the basic protocols and techniques in their practices. 40% of the Endodontists preferred digital radiography technique. 2.5% NaOCl is the most preferred irrigant of choice for primary root canal treatment and 2% chlorhexidine in retreatment cases. Calcium hydroxide was the most preferred intracanal medicament in all clinical situations. Lateral compaction (70.8%) was the most widely used method. AH Plus was the most preferred root canal sealer (46.6%). Conclusion: Indian endodontists are following the basic protocol but when compared to other studies there were concepts like, the use of rubber dam and microscope which need to be improved and raised to a level that ensures international standards in clinical practice.

Tamanho do voxel no diagnóstico tomográfico em endodontia / Voxel size in computed tomography diagnosis in endodontics

A introdução da tomografia computadorizada de feixe Cônico (TCFC) na prática odontológica permitiu a visualização de planos que não eram possíveis na radiografia convencional e representa uma alternativa interessante pelo reduzido tamanho do aparelho, menor dose de radiação e tempo de trabalho quando comparado com a Tomografia Computadorizada (TC), embora a dose de radiação é maior em comparação à radiografia convencional. Portanto é importante considerar as características inerentes a este tipo de exame radiológico, como o tamanho do voxel, campo de visão (FOV), na tentativa de reduzir esses valores, sem comprometer a qualidade das imagens. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar as diferentes espessuras de voxel, atualmente utilizadas nos exames tomográficos com finalidade endodôntica, assim como os fatores que determinam sua eleição através de uma revisão da literatura. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura. Resultados e Discussão: A TCFC está sendo sugerida como uma ferramenta útilno manejo de complicações endodônticas, mas ainda não substitui a radiografia convencional. O maior custo e radiação impedem a sua utilização de rotina; desta forma, um voxel menor determinara um número maior de fatias das estruturas escaneadas, embora o tamanho do voxel sozinho não afeta significativamente a dose de radiação na unidade de TCFC, está diretamente relacionada com o tempo de aquisição e mAs. No caso da determinação do voxel para cada um dos procedimentos endodônticos, ainda não existe um consenso entre os diferentes pesquisadores. Conclusão: concluir que há necessidade de equilibrar os fatores na determinação do voxel a ser utilizado, procurando a mínima radiação para o paciente, utilizando o voxel que permita detectar patologias endodônticas com nível de resolução espacial aceitável...

The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dental practice allowed for the visualization of plansthat were not possible in conventional radiography and representsan interesting alternative by the reduced size of the unit, lower radiation dose and working time when compared to computerized tomography, although the radiation dose is higher in comparison to conventional radiography. Therefore, it is important to consider the inherent characteristics of this type of radiological examination, such as voxel size and of view (FOV), in an attempt to reduce those values without compromising image quality. Objective: the present study aims at demonstrating the different thicknesses of the voxel size currently used in CT scans with an endodontic purpose, as well as the factors that determine their election throughthe literature review. Method: this is a literature review study. Results and Discussion: CBCT is being suggested as a useful tool in the management of endodontic complications, but not replace conventional radiography. The higher cost and radiation preclude their routine use; Thus, a smaller voxel will determine a greater number of slices of the scanned structures, although voxel size alone does not significantly affect the radiation dose of the CBCT unit is directly related to acquisition time and mAs. In the case of determining the voxel for each of endodontic procedures, there is still no consensus among different researchers. Conclusion: there is a need to balance the factors in determining the voxel being used, looking for the minimum radiation to the patient, usingthe voxel capable of detecting endodontic pathologies with acceptable level of spatial resolution...

Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana e biológica do cimento portland associado ao AH PLUS em diferentes proporções / Evaluation of antimicrobial and biological activities of Portland cement associated of AH Plus sealer in different proportions

A endodontia vem sofrendo um processo de evolução muito grande nos últimos anos. Apesar dessa grande evolução técnico-científica, infelizmente o tratamento endodôntico convencional ainda não possibilita a obtenção do sucesso total. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e a resposta do tecido subcutâneo de ratos frente à implantação do cimento Portland associado ao AH Plus em diferentes proporções. Metodologia: Para a avaliação da resposta biológica, foram utilizados 42 ratos (Rattus Norvegicus), que foram divididos em 14 animais para cada período experimental. Para se avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, foi utilizada a técnica de difusão radial em placas de ágar Mueller-Hinton. Foram utilizadas 30 linhagens de campo e 1 ATCC (29212) de Enterococcus faecalis. Os materiais foram proporcionados em massa e os poços preenchidos com os cimentos através de seringas tipo Luer-Look. Com os dados em mãos, os mesmos foram submetidos à análise estatística, empregando-se o teste Kruskal-Wallis para comparação global e o teste de Miller para as comparações individuais com nível de significância de 5 por cento. Resultados: Quanto à resposta biológica, todos os grupos apresentaram bom comportamento. Em relação a atividade antimicrobiana, os grupos 4, 5 e 6 apresentaram atividade, tanto em 24, quanto em 48 horas, com diferença estatisticamente significante com relação aos outros grupos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a associação do AH Plus ao cimento Portland apresenta boa resposta tecidual e atividade antimicrobiana, principalmente nos grupo com maior quantidade de cimento AH Plus...

Endodontics has been suffering a long evolution process in recent years. Despite this great technical and scientific developments, unfortunately the conventional endodontic treatment hasn't allows obtaining the total success. Objective: the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the response of the subcutaneous tissue against deployment of associated Portland cement to AH Plus sealer in different proportions. Methodology: for evaluation of biological response, 42 rats were used (Rattus Norvegicus), which were divided into 14 animals for each experimental period. To evaluate antimicrobial activity, was used the technique of radial diffusion in Mueller-Hinton agar plates. 30 strains were used and 1 ATCC (29212) of Enterococcus faecalis. The materials were provided by weight and pits filled with the cements through syringes Luer-type Look. With data, they were subjected to statistical analysis, using the Kruskal-Wallis test for global comparison and the Miller test for individual comparisons with a significance level of 5. Results: as for biological response, all groups showed good behavior. In relation to antimicrobial activity, groups 4, 5 and 6 showed activity in both. 24, 48 hours, with statistically significant difference with respect to other groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that the Association of AH Plus to Portland cement and tissue response presents good antimicrobial activity, mainly in the group with the highest amount of cement AH Plus...

Regenerative endodontics: A state of the art.

Scientific advances in the creation of restorative biomaterials, in vitro cell culture technology, tissue grafting, tissue engineering, molecular biology and the human genome project provide the basis for the introduction of new technologies into dentistry. Non-vital infected teeth have long been treated with root canal therapy (for mature root apex) and apexification (for immature root apex), or doomed to extraction. Although successful, current treatments fail to re-establish healthy pulp tissue in these teeth. But, what if the non-vital tooth could be made vital once again? That is the hope offered by regenerative endodontics, an emerging field focused on replacing traumatized and diseased pulp with functional pulp tissue. Restoration of vitality of non-vital tooth is based on tissue engineering and revascularization procedures. The purpose of this article is to review these biological procedures and the hurdles that must be overcome to develop regenerative endodontic procedures.

Evaluación de la resistencia a la tensión entre diferentes sistemas de pernos intrarradiculares: estudio in vitro / Evaluation of tensile strength between different intraradicular bolt systems: in vitro study

La reconstrucción de los dientes tratados endodónticamente juega un papel importante en el pronóstico, ya que el 60% de los fracasos endodónticos se relacionan con la rehabilitación. Diversos sistemas y materiales se han utilizado en la reconstrucción de los dientes, alternando el diseño, material del perno, agente cementante y el tipo de muñón utilizado, evidenciando resultados contradictorios. Evaluar la resistencia a la tensión (RT) entre tres diferentes sistemas de pernos intrarradiculares. Se incluyeron 45 premolares monorradiculares, los cuales fueron instrumentados y preparados para ser reconstruidos con diversos sistemas de pernos. Estos fueron divididos en tres grupos: 1.-Sistema Perno-Muñón Colado (PMC), 2.-Sistema Para-Post Acero (PPA) y 3.-Sistema Para-Post Fiber-Lux (PPFL), cementados uniformemente con un cemento resinoso y sometido a RT en una máquina Instrom. La máxima RT fue para el sistema PMC (11.11 Mp), seguido por PPFL (3.42 Mp) y PPA con (3.14 Mp). La prueba de ANOVA complementada con el Post-Hoc DSH de Tukey reveló diferencias significativas entre PMC vs PPA y PPFL (p<0.05), entre PPA vs PPFL no hubo diferencias significativas. Ningún sistema prefabricado se desalojó a la prueba de tensión y los muñones se fracturaron. El sistema de PMC registró mayor RT que los sistemas PPA y PPFL (p<0.05) entre los prefabricados no existieron diferencias significativas

The reconstruction of teeth endodontically treated represents an important role, since the 60% of the endodontic failures relate to the rehabilitation. Diverse technical and material they have been utilized in the reconstruction of the posts, alternating the design, material, luting agent and the type of core utilized, showing contradictory results. Evaluating the tensional resistance (TR) of three post-endodontical reconstruction systems.Forty-five human premolars were used for this study, which were instrumented and prepared for receiving a post. They were divided into three groups: l. - casted post and core system (CPC), 2. - Steel Para-Post system (SPP) and 3. - Para-Post Fiber-Lux system (PPFL), which they were cemented with resinous cement and submitted to TR in Instrom machine. The maximum TR was for CPC (11.11 Mp), followed by PPFL (3.42 Mp) and SPP with (3.14 Mp). The ANOVA test supplemented with Post-Hoc HSD de Tukey´s revealed statistically differences significantly between CPC vs SPP and PPFL (p<0.05), among SPP vs PPFL do not there was statistically differences significantly. The prefabricated post, not there was dislocated and the cores were fractured. The CPC registered the higher TR that the prefabricated post (p<0.05) and among the prefabricated post did not exist differences significantly

Study of prevalence of internal resorption in periapical radiography of anteriors permanents tooth / Estudio de la prevalencia de reabsorción interna en radiografías periapicales de dientes permanentes anteriores

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by the use of clinical and radiographic records, the prevalence of internal resorption in anterior permanent teeth of patients from the Clinic of Specialization in Endodontics of Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil; related to the period of September of 2001 to June of 2007. 888 medical records from the archives of the clinic were analyzed. Among them 232 referred to anterior teeth. The presence and the location of the resorption were radiographically observed. The obtained results verified that the internal resorption was prevalent in 2.16 percent of the cases, with 0.86 percent located in coronal region, 0.44 percent in root region and 0.86 percent in both regions. We concluded that, despite of being a pathology of low incidence, the knowledge of it is important to the specialist, in order to provide a reliable diagnose and to plan a suitable treatment, once the negligence in a case of internal resorption in anterior permanent teeth can cause the loss of dental element and functional and esthetic alterations in the patient.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar, a través de fichas clínicas y radiológicas, la prevalencia nacional de reabsorción interna en los dientes anteriores permanentes de los pacientes con atención en la Clínica del Diplomado de Endodoncia de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, en el período entre septiembre de 2001 y junio de 2007. Se analizaron 888 prontuarios de los archivos de la Clínica. De ellos, 232 estaban relacionadas con los dientes anteriores. Se observó radiográficamente la presencia de reabsorción y su ubicación. Los resultados mostraron que la reabsorción interna fue prevalente en 2,16 por ciento de los casos, de los cuales en 0,86 por ciento estaba ubicada en la región coronaria, 0,44 por ciento en la raíz y 0,86 por ciento en ambas regiones. Se concluye que aún en caso de una enfermedad con baja incidencia, es importante para el especialista conocerla, haciendo un buen diagnóstico y una planificación para el tratamiento adecuado a la situación, ya que la de negligencia ante un caso de reabsorción interna en dientes permanentes anteriores, conduce a la pérdida del elemento dental, causando cambios funcionales y estéticos para el paciente.

Endodoncia en odontogeriatría: parte I / Endodontics in geriatric dentistry: part I

El envejecimiento es un fenómeno natural, inevitable y una parte intrínseca de todas las formas de vida. La expectativa de vida al nacer se incrementa tanto en Argentina como en el mundo. Esto determina una creciente longevidad de la población. En virtud de las políticas preventivas y de salud, estas personas conservan su dentición propia. Esto implica que en este grupo etario habrá un incremento de la demanda de atención odontológica y una mayor necesidad de terapias endodónticas. Para satisfacer esta demanda, el odontólogo en primer lugar debe integrar un equipo multidisciplinario con el médico de cabecera y los distintos especialistas, para poder así brindar la mejor atención. En segundo lugar debe conocer las particularidades anatómicas, fisiológicas y patológicas que se producen en la cavidad bucal y en la dentición de esas personas con el avance de la edad.

Luxation dental injuries: review of treatment guidelines and endodontic considerations

Traumatic dental injuries can cause serious aesthetic, functional, and psychological consequences. Time is one of the most critical factors determining clinical outcome; all dental injuries should be considered as true emergencies. Luxated and avulsed teeth should be considered for immediate action in order to maximize the chance for long-term retention. Other injuries can be complicated if not treated shortly after the traumatic event. It is the responsibility of the emergency physician to direct patients to appropriate dental consultants in a timely fashion. Although dental interventions will usually follow management of life- threatening injuries, dental consultation in this situation should be sought as soon as possible especially in younger patients. This review will emphasize the emergency management of luxation dental trauma and its endodontic consideration for permanent dentition

MTA: sus posibilidades de uso en endodoncia y odontología integral / MTA: possibilities of use in endodontics and comprehensive dentistry

El MTA es un material inicialmente desarrollado para uso endodóntico; sin embargo ha demostrado poseer cualidades que le otorgan grandes posibilidades para ser utilizado en otras especialidades clínicas relacionadas. Es fácil de usar, y al ser hidrofílico, su empleo resulta sumamente útil en obturaciones retrógradas, perforaciones radiculares o de furcación, áreas donde generalmente existe humedad o contaminación sanguínea. Las investigaciones pertinentes han demostrado que sus excelentes propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas lo transforman en un material que presenta muchas ventajas sobre otros materiales alternativos, especialmente porque, a diferencia de ellos, promueve y favorece en forma consistente el desarrollo y aposición de hueso y cemento y la regeneración de los tejidos periodontales. Por ser un material tan promisorio se hace necesaria una evaluación exhaustiva de su uso clínico en humanos, a efectos de establecer una correlación más adecuada con los resultados obtenidos en las experiencias realizadas in vitro y en animales de experimentación

Tratamento endodôntico em sessäo única: vantagens e desvantagens / Single visit endodontic therapy: advantages and disadvantages

Nesta revisäo o autor tece comentários sobre as vantagens e as desvantagens do tratamento endodôntico em uma única sessäo operatória com o propósito de melhor orientar o profissional, quando este tipo de procedimento estiver indicado